燃氣內燃機組發電技術具有如下特點：

　　The power generation technology of gas-fired internal combustion units has the following characteristics:

　　①單位千瓦建站投資少，2500~3500元/kW；投資回報率高：45%~80%；運行成本低：0.1~0.12元/kWh。②燃氣內燃機機組配套設備簡單，電站可移動性強。③機組單機功率范圍：4kW~2000kW，可以單臺工作，也可多臺并網，建站靈活。④電站自耗電少，不超過發電量的2%。⑤燃氣內燃及采用熱電冷聯供，機組熱效率可達80%。⑥對沼氣氣源條件要求較低。

　　① Low investment per kilowatt for station construction, ranging from 2500 to 3500 yuan/kW; high investment return rate: 45% to 80%; Low operating cost: 0.1~0.12 yuan/kWh. ② The supporting equipment for gas internal combustion engine units is simple, and the power station is highly mobile. ③ The power range of a single unit is 4kW~2000kW, and it can work as a single unit or be connected to the grid with multiple units, making station construction flexible. ④ The self consumption of the power station is low, not exceeding 2% of the generated electricity. ⑤ Gas internal combustion and the use of combined heat, power and cooling can achieve a thermal efficiency of up to 80% for the unit. ⑥ The requirements for biogas source conditions are relatively low.

　　目前各地環境影響評價和環保驗收的排放指標主要是SO2和NOx各地執行的標準主要有以下幾個：①《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》(GB 13271-2001/2014)②《火電廠大氣污染物排放標準》(GB 13223—2011)③《車用點燃式發動機及裝用點燃式發動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》(GB 14762-2002)第二階段與《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段)》(GB 17691-2005)④《大功率沼氣發電機組》(GB/T 29488-2013)⑤《大氣污染物綜合排放標準》(GB 16297－1996)

　　At present, the emission indicators for environmental impact assessment and environmental acceptance in various regions are mainly SO2 and NOx. The standards implemented in various regions mainly include the following: ① "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2001/2014) ② "Thermal Power Plant Air Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB 13223-2011) ③ "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Spark Ignition Engines and Installed Spark Ignition Engines" (GB 14762-2002) Phase II and "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignition Engines and Vehicle Exhaust Pollutants (China III, IV, V Stages)" (GB 17691-2005) ④ "High Power Biogas Generator Sets" (GB/T 29488-2013) ⑤ "Atmospheric Comprehensive Emission Standards for Pollutants (GB 16297-1996)

　　1關于《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》有GB 13271-2001和GB 13271-2014兩個版本。2008年，環境保護部、發展改革委、能源局聯合印發《關于進一步加強生物質電項目環境影響評價管理工作的通知》(<環發[2008]82號>)。其中針對“填埋氣發電機沼氣發電類項目”提到“單臺出力65t/h及以下的發電鍋爐。參照《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》(GB 13271-2001)中燃氣鍋爐大氣污染最高允許排放濃度執行。”因此，部分沼氣發電項目環境影響評價采用的是該文件提到的標準。

　　There are two versions of the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards": GB 13271-2001 and GB 13271-2014. In 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment for Biomass Power Projects (<Huan Fa [2008] No. 82>). Regarding the "landfill gas generator biogas power generation project", it is mentioned that "power generation boilers with a single output of 65t/h or less. Refer to the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2001) for the maximum allowable emission concentration of air pollution from gas-fired boilers. ”Therefore, the environmental impact assessment of some biogas power generation projects adopts the standards mentioned in this document.

　　但準確說，“往復式內燃機式發電機組”不屬于發電鍋爐，因此執行《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》比較牽強，與實際情況有悖。尤其是在《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》(GB 13271-2014)新標準發布之后，適用范圍明確為：“新建鍋爐自2014年7月1日起，10t/h以下在用蒸汽鍋爐和7MW以上的熱水鍋爐，10t/h及以上在用蒸汽鍋爐和7MW及以下的熱水鍋爐，分別自2015年10月1日與2016年7月1日起執行本標準，《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》(GB 13271-2001)自2016年7月1日廢止”，更加表明“往復式內燃機式發電機組”不適用于此標準所列范圍。

　　However, to be precise, "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator sets" do not belong to power generation boilers, so implementing the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" is somewhat far fetched and contrary to the actual situation. Especially after the release of the new standard "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2014), the scope of application is clearly defined as follows: "Starting from July 1, 2014, for newly built boilers, this standard will be implemented for in-service steam boilers below 10t/h and hot water boilers above 7MW, and for in-service steam boilers above 10t/h and hot water boilers below 7MW from October 1, 2015 and July 1, 2016, respectively. The" Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards "(GB 13271-2001) will be abolished from July 1, 2016," which further indicates that "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator sets" are not applicable to the scope listed in this standard.

　　2關于《火電廠大氣污染物排放標準》環保部發布的《火電廠大氣污染物排放標準》(GB 13223-2011)，規定了以氣體為燃料的鍋爐或燃氣輪機組的SO2、NOx的排放限值。根據國家環保總局環函[2010]123號《關于生活垃圾填埋氣體發電機組煙氣排放執行標準問題的復函》：“《火電廠大氣污染物排放標準》(GB 13223-2011)標準實施后，燃氣輪機組污染排放應按標準的規定執行。目前國家尚未制定采用氣體燃料的內燃機發電機組的排放標準，地方省級政府可根據法律規定制定地方排放標準。”而沼氣發電機組普遍采用的是“往復式內燃機式發電機組”，也不適用于此標準所列范圍。燃氣內燃機組發電技術具有如下特點：

　　Regarding the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants", the Ministry of Environmental Protection has issued the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants" (GB 13223-2011), which specifies the emission limits for SO2 and NOx from boilers or gas turbine units that use gas as fuel. According to the reply of the State Environmental Protection Administration on the Implementation Standards for Flue Gas Emissions from Landfill Gas Generator Units (2010) No. 123, "After the implementation of the 'Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants' (GB 13223-2011) standard, the pollution emissions from gas turbine units should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the standard. At present, the country has not yet formulated emission standards for internal combustion engine generator sets using gas fuels. Local and provincial governments may formulate local emission standards in accordance with legal provisions. ”The commonly used biogas generator set is a "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator set", which is not applicable to the scope listed in this standard. The power generation technology of gas-fired internal combustion units has the following characteristics:

　　①單位千瓦建站投資少，2500~3500元/kW；投資回報率高：45%~80%；運行成本低：0.1~0.12元/kWh。②燃氣內燃機機組配套設備簡單，電站可移動性強。③機組單機功率范圍：4kW~2000kW，可以單臺工作，也可多臺并網，建站靈活。④電站自耗電少，不超過發電量的2%。⑤燃氣內燃及采用熱電冷聯供，機組熱效率可達80%。⑥對沼氣氣源條件要求較低。

　　① Low investment per kilowatt for station construction, ranging from 2500 to 3500 yuan/kW; high investment return rate: 45% to 80%; Low operating cost: 0.1~0.12 yuan/kWh. ② The supporting equipment for gas internal combustion engine units is simple, and the power station is highly mobile. ③ The power range of a single unit is 4kW~2000kW, and it can work as a single unit or be connected to the grid with multiple units, making station construction flexible. ④ The self consumption of the power station is low, not exceeding 2% of the generated electricity. ⑤ Gas internal combustion and the use of combined heat, power and cooling can achieve a thermal efficiency of up to 80% for the unit. ⑥ The requirements for biogas source conditions are relatively low.

　　目前各地環境影響評價和環保驗收的排放指標主要是SO2和NOx各地執行的標準主要有以下幾個：①《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》(GB 13271-2001/2014)②《火電廠大氣污染物排放標準》(GB 13223—2011)③《車用點燃式發動機及裝用點燃式發動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》(GB 14762-2002)第二階段與《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段)》(GB 17691-2005)④《大功率沼氣發電機組》(GB/T 29488-2013)⑤《大氣污染物綜合排放標準》(GB 16297－1996)

　　At present, the emission indicators for environmental impact assessment and environmental acceptance in various regions are mainly SO2 and NOx. The standards implemented in various regions mainly include the following: ① "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2001/2014) ② "Thermal Power Plant Air Pollutant Emission Standards" (GB 13223-2011) ③ "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Spark Ignition Engines and Installed Spark Ignition Engines" (GB 14762-2002) Phase II and "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignition Engines and Vehicle Exhaust Pollutants (China III, IV, V Stages)" (GB 17691-2005) ④ "High Power Biogas Generator Sets" (GB/T 29488-2013) ⑤ "Atmospheric Comprehensive Emission Standards for Pollutants (GB 16297-1996)

　　1關于《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》有GB 13271-2001和GB 13271-2014兩個版本。2008年，環境保護部、發展改革委、能源局聯合印發《關于進一步加強生物質電項目環境影響評價管理工作的通知》(<環發[2008]82號>)。其中針對“填埋氣發電機沼氣發電類項目”提到“單臺出力65t/h及以下的發電鍋爐。參照《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》(GB 13271-2001)中燃氣鍋爐大氣污染最高允許排放濃度執行。”因此，部分沼氣發電項目環境影響評價采用的是該文件提到的標準。

　　There are two versions of the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards": GB 13271-2001 and GB 13271-2014. In 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Energy Administration jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Environmental Impact Assessment for Biomass Power Projects (<Huan Fa [2008] No. 82>). Regarding the "landfill gas generator biogas power generation project", it is mentioned that "power generation boilers with a single output of 65t/h or less. Refer to the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2001) for the maximum allowable emission concentration of air pollution from gas-fired boilers. ”Therefore, the environmental impact assessment of some biogas power generation projects adopts the standards mentioned in this document.

　　但準確說，“往復式內燃機式發電機組”不屬于發電鍋爐，因此執行《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》比較牽強，與實際情況有悖。尤其是在《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》(GB 13271-2014)新標準發布之后，適用范圍明確為：“新建鍋爐自2014年7月1日起，10t/h以下在用蒸汽鍋爐和7MW以上的熱水鍋爐，10t/h及以上在用蒸汽鍋爐和7MW及以下的熱水鍋爐，分別自2015年10月1日與2016年7月1日起執行本標準，《鍋爐大氣污染排放標準》(GB 13271-2001)自2016年7月1日廢止”，更加表明“往復式內燃機式發電機組”不適用于此標準所列范圍。

　　However, to be precise, "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator sets" do not belong to power generation boilers, so implementing the "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" is somewhat far fetched and contrary to the actual situation. Especially after the release of the new standard "Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards" (GB 13271-2014), the scope of application is clearly defined as follows: "Starting from July 1, 2014, for newly built boilers, this standard will be implemented for in-service steam boilers below 10t/h and hot water boilers above 7MW, and for in-service steam boilers above 10t/h and hot water boilers below 7MW from October 1, 2015 and July 1, 2016, respectively. The" Boiler Air Pollution Emission Standards "(GB 13271-2001) will be abolished from July 1, 2016," which further indicates that "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator sets" are not applicable to the scope listed in this standard.

　　2關于《火電廠大氣污染物排放標準》環保部發布的《火電廠大氣污染物排放標準》(GB 13223-2011)，規定了以氣體為燃料的鍋爐或燃氣輪機組的SO2、NOx的排放限值。根據國家環保總局環函[2010]123號《關于生活垃圾填埋氣體發電機組煙氣排放執行標準問題的復函》：“《火電廠大氣污染物排放標準》(GB 13223-2011)標準實施后，燃氣輪機組污染排放應按標準的規定執行。目前國家尚未制定采用氣體燃料的內燃機發電機組的排放標準，地方省級政府可根據法律規定制定地方排放標準。”而沼氣發電機組普遍采用的是“往復式內燃機式發電機組”，也不適用于此標準所列范圍。

　　Regarding the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants", the Ministry of Environmental Protection has issued the "Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants" (GB 13223-2011), which specifies the emission limits for SO2 and NOx from boilers or gas turbine units that use gas as fuel. According to the reply of the State Environmental Protection Administration on the Implementation Standards for Flue Gas Emissions from Landfill Gas Generator Units (2010) No. 123, "After the implementation of the 'Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants' (GB 13223-2011) standard, the pollution emissions from gas turbine units should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the standard. At present, the country has not yet formulated emission standards for internal combustion engine generator sets using gas fuels. Local and provincial governments may formulate local emission standards in accordance with legal provisions. ”The commonly used biogas generator set is a "reciprocating internal combustion engine generator set", which is not applicable to the scope listed in this standard.

　　注：部分利用鍋爐+蒸汽輪機發電或燃氣輪機+蒸汽輪機發電技術的沼氣發電項目，可參考執行以上兩種標準。

　　Note: Some biogas power generation projects that utilize boiler+steam turbine power generation or gas turbine+steam turbine power generation technology can refer to the implementation of the above two standards.

　　3關于《車用點燃式發動機及裝用點燃式發動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》根據國家環保總局環函[2006]359號《關于內燃式瓦斯發電項目環境影響評價標準請示的復函》：“目前，我國還沒有發電用內燃機大氣污染排放標準，使用以煤層氣（沼氣）為燃料的內燃機發電建設項目，可根據建設項目環境影響評價文件審批時間，分別參照執行《車用點燃式發動機及裝用點燃式發動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》(GB 14762-2002)第二階段和《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段)》(GB 17691-2005)中的大氣污染排放控制要求，進行環境影響評價”。本評價中NOx排放參照執行《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段)》(GB 17691-2005)中的大氣污染排放中國Ⅳ、Ⅴ階段(2010年、2012年起)的控制要求(NOx≤3.5g/kWh、NOx≤2.0g/kWh)。

　　Regarding the "Limits and Measurement Methods for Pollutant Emissions from Vehicle Ignited Ignition Engines and Vehicles Equipped with Ignited Ignition Engines", according to the "Reply to the Request for Environmental Impact Assessment Standards for Internal Combustion Gas Power Generation Projects" (Huan Han [2006] No. 359) issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration, "Currently, there are no air pollution emission standards for internal combustion engines used in power generation in China. For internal combustion engine power generation construction projects using coalbed methane (biogas) as fuel, according to the approval time of the environmental impact assessment documents for construction projects, the second phase of the" Limits and Measurement Methods for Pollutant Emissions from Vehicle Ignited Ignition Engines and Vehicles Equipped with Ignited Ignition Engines "(GB 14762-2002) and the" Limits for Pollutant Emissions from Vehicle Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignited Ignition Engines and Vehicles "(GB 14762-2002) can be implemented separately. and Measurement Methods (China Stage III, IV, V)" (GB 17691-2005) Conduct environmental impact assessment in accordance with the requirements for air pollution emission control in China. The NOx emissions in this evaluation are subject to the control requirements of the Chinese Stage IV and V (2010, 2012 onwards) for air pollution emissions in accordance with the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignition Engines and Automotive Exhaust Pollutants (China Stage III, IV, V)" (GB 17691-2005) (NOx ≤ 3.5g/kWh, NOx ≤ 2.0g/kWh).

　　該標準適用范圍符合項目實際采用的發動機類型。但對沼氣發電項目來說，該標準規定了NOx的排放要求，SO2的排放與具體的沼氣品質有關，在該標準中也無從規定。

　　The scope of application of this standard conforms to the actual engine types used in the project. But for biogas power generation projects, this standard specifies the emission requirements for NOx, and the emission of SO2 is related to the specific quality of biogas, which cannot be specified in this standard.

　　注：目前《車用壓燃式、氣體燃料點燃式發動機與汽車排氣污染物排放限值及測量方法(中國第六階段)》正處于二次征求意見稿階段，待新標準出臺，NOx排放的限值要求會更加嚴格。

　　Note: Currently, the "Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Compression Ignition and Gas Fuel Ignition Engines for Vehicles (China's Sixth Phase)" is in the second stage of soliciting opinions. When the new standards are introduced, the requirements for NOx emission limits will be more stringent.

　　4關于《中大功率沼氣發電機組》《大功率沼氣發電機組》(GB/T 29488-2013)是由中國石油集團濟柴動力總廠負責起草，國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局和標準化管理委員會發布實施的，適用于“額定頻率為50Hz或60Hz，功率不小于250kW，以沼氣（甲烷含量不低于30%）為主要燃料的往復式內燃機驅動的交流工頻發電機組”。該標準規定“機組在額定工況時排出的NOx污染物排放限值為3.48g/kWh”，相近于《車用點燃式發動機及裝用點燃式發動機汽車排放污染物排放限值及測量方法》，同前述相同，SO2的排放與氣源有關，也無從規定。

　　Regarding the "Medium and High Power Biogas Generator Sets" and "High Power Biogas Generator Sets" (GB/T 29488-2013), they were drafted by China Petroleum Group Jichai Power Plant and implemented by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the Standardization Management Committee. They are applicable to "AC power frequency generator sets driven by reciprocating internal combustion engines with rated frequency of 50Hz or 60Hz, power not less than 250kW, and mainly fueled by biogas (methane content not less than 30%)". This standard stipulates that the emission limit of NOx pollutants emitted by the unit under rated operating conditions is 3.48g/kWh, which is similar to the "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Vehicles with Spark Ignition Engines and Vehicles Equipped with Spark Ignition Engines". Similarly, the emission of SO2 is related to the gas source and cannot be regulated.

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